Abstract Purpose Training in retrograde intrarenal surgery for the treatment of renal stone disease is a challenging task due to the unique complexity of the procedure. This study introduces a series of 3D printed models of upper urinary tract and stones designed to improve the training process. Methods Six different models of upper urinary tract were algorithmically isolated. digital... https://www.bekindtopets.com/limited-time-Gorra-Raul-Tan-special-save/