Abstract Non-financial companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange face considerable difficulties due to expensive funding and the need to make complex decisions about their capital structure. These problems impact their judgments about dividend policy. resulting in ambiguity and possible inefficiency. This study draws on the bird-in-hand theory to investigate the influence of th... https://www.roneverhart.com/Dudley-ASA-Thunder-ZN-Hycon-12-52-300-Softballs-4A-068Y/