Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive breast cancer subtype that lacks effective therapeutic targets. Sperm-associated antigen 5 (SPAG5) is a mitotic spindle-associated protein that is involved in various biological processes in cervical cancer and bladder urothelial carcinoma. However. the role of SPAG5 in TNBC remains undefined. https://parisnaturalfoodes.shop/product-category/garlic-reshi/